![]() In addition, the reconstruction of the sounds is based on texts, which are rarely a perfect means of recording sound. This is a demonstration that the English language is still evolving in wonderful (and confusing) ways. Or the Cockney woman who, when trying to buy a cut loaf of bread was asked by the puzzled baker 'Is it a bread especially for cats?' Both of these examples are vowels that have shifted beyond the strict definition of the Great Vowel Shift. 'Fell right out of my sandwich, into the water!' ![]() 'Oh - that's terrible, how did it happen?'. The regional variation of the shift has lead to a multitude of vowel pronunciations which are neither standard English nor standard Continental such as this anecdote: Boy in North-East England is sitting by a river, crying. Neither theory gives us an answer to why the shift happened, and the actual shifting was so complicated by regional variation that it will be difficult to ever sort out more than a general pattern of shifting. Two models of the pattern of vowel change are the 'pull theory' in which the upper vowels moved first and 'pulled' the lower ones along, and the 'push theory' in which the lower vowels moved forward and up, pushing the others ahead. There are theories for why the Great Vowel Shift has occurred, but none are likely ever be testable without a time machine. The Great Vowel Shift is still continuing today in regional dialects many speakers are now trying to move the topmost articulation points farther up, producing new diphthongs. The upshot has been that the Anglo-Saxons lived (like the Scottish still do) in a 'hoose', and the English live in a 'house' the Anglo-Saxons (like the Scottish) milked a 'coo', and the English milk a 'cow' an Anglo-Saxon had a 'gode' day and the English have a 'good' one an Anglo-Saxon had 'feef' fingers on each hand and the English have 'five' they wore 'boats' on their 'fate' while the English wear 'boots' on our 'feet'. ![]() The vowels, which began being pronounced at the top, could not be moved farther up (without poking into the nose) they became diphthongs 1. Simply put, the articulation point moved upward in the mouth. Speakers of English gradually changed the parts of their mouth used to articulate the long vowels. The Great Vowel Shift was a gradual process which began in Chaucer's time (early 15th Century) and was continuing through the time of Shakespeare (early 17th Century). Why is this so? The answer is the almost rudely named phenomenon of The Great Vowel Shift of English pronunciation. The French long 'i', for example, is pronounced like the English long 'e'. 'Why do these foreigners all say their vowels wrong?' they must think. Many English-speaking students of other languages must be confused when confronted with the long vowels of a language such as French. Everything / Languages & Linguistics / Linguistics, Speech & Semantics Soon after, /ɛ:/ and /ɔ:/ joined in the pull chain by shifting upwards to and, filling the gap that was left behind (stage 4).The Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything.ģ. In effect, they have been pulled upwards. Now that a gap has been created where the high vowels /i:/ and /u:/ once were, the mid vowels /e:/ and /o:/ moved upwards to and respectively to fill the gap (stage 2 on the diagram). You should be able to tell that the vowel has moved further forwards in the mouth. To get an idea of what the shift from to sounds like, think of someone from Northern England pronouncing cart, then imagine the same person saying cat, but holding the vowel for longer than usual. ![]() At the same time, or possibly a little later, moved forwards to. ![]() By about 1600, they were now pronounced and respectively ( listen here). As my crudely-drawn diagram shows, the first change to occur was the breaking of the high vowels /i:/ and /u:/, starting somewhere between 1400-1500 AD. ![]()
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